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stanfields"},{"term":"the tragically hip"},{"term":"the wooden sky"},{"term":"the worldly savages"},{"term":"tim chaisson"},{"term":"timber timbre"},{"term":"time lapse"},{"term":"time lapse movie"},{"term":"tina fey"},{"term":"tj cimfel"},{"term":"todmorden mills"},{"term":"token"},{"term":"tony taylor"},{"term":"tori's bakeshop"},{"term":"toronto raptors"},{"term":"trailer"},{"term":"transportation"},{"term":"trevor juras"},{"term":"trips"},{"term":"trish stratus"},{"term":"true blood"},{"term":"tucker and dale vs evil"},{"term":"tupper ware remix party"},{"term":"twin peaks"},{"term":"united party"},{"term":"united states of tara"},{"term":"up series"},{"term":"utah"},{"term":"valentine's day"},{"term":"vampire weekend"},{"term":"veda hilla"},{"term":"velvet underground"},{"term":"veronica zretski"},{"term":"vietnam"},{"term":"vnzma"},{"term":"w. darling"},{"term":"wannabe"},{"term":"war"},{"term":"warm bodies"},{"term":"watercolour"},{"term":"wavelength"},{"term":"we are wolves"},{"term":"we were lovers"},{"term":"webisode"},{"term":"werewolf"},{"term":"werewolves"},{"term":"wes anderson"},{"term":"westerns"},{"term":"wild nothing"},{"term":"will currie and the country french"},{"term":"willa"},{"term":"willie stratton and the boarding party"},{"term":"winter"},{"term":"wish"},{"term":"wreckless eric"},{"term":"yamantaka sonic titan"},{"term":"yoshi cooper"},{"term":"young galaxy"},{"term":"young rival"},{"term":"young-dundas square"},{"term":"yousuf karsh"},{"term":"yukon blonde"},{"term":"yves klein"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The Little Red Umbrella"},"subtitle":{"type":"html","$t":"The Little Red Umbrella is an arts magazine showcasing music, film, TV, lit, style, politics and everything else we think is cool."},"link":[{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/feeds\/posts\/default"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1016075013121516936\/posts\/default\/-\/history+and+science?alt=json-in-script\u0026max-results=7"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/search\/label\/history%20and%20science"},{"rel":"hub","href":"http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/"},{"rel":"next","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1016075013121516936\/posts\/default\/-\/history+and+science\/-\/history+and+science?alt=json-in-script\u0026start-index=8\u0026max-results=7"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Adam Bunch"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/07330281017966163295"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"19","src":"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/_qy7PSoA70ZI\/TAcUQIDT0DI\/AAAAAAAAAAs\/94cFNB23TAQ\/s1600-R\/4656161156_a76ddebcbb_b.jpg"}}],"generator":{"version":"7.00","uri":"http://www.blogger.com","$t":"Blogger"},"openSearch$totalResults":{"$t":"72"},"openSearch$startIndex":{"$t":"1"},"openSearch$itemsPerPage":{"$t":"7"},"entry":[{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016075013121516936.post-664929792684256406"},"published":{"$t":"2016-03-29T16:26:00.000-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2016-03-29T16:27:07.097-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"adam bunch"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"diodes"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"history"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"history and science"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"music"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"toronto historical jukebox"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Toronto history"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The Toronto Historical Jukebox: \"Tired Of Waking Up Tired\" by The Diodes"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-CkAr10fQXWo\/Vvrkfr0hdII\/AAAAAAAAMus\/1vmQ4OzDZcMV1iq0B0WrYOzeqiuiF3MWw\/s1600\/The%2BDiodes.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 0em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-CkAr10fQXWo\/Vvrkfr0hdII\/AAAAAAAAMus\/1vmQ4OzDZcMV1iq0B0WrYOzeqiuiF3MWw\/s200\/The%2BDiodes.jpg\" width=\"200\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Diodes may very well be the most important punk band in the history  of Toronto. They were formed in 1976 — playing together at the Ontario  College of Art just as the Queen West punk scene was about to become one  of the greatest punk scenes on Earth. And The Diodes played a founding  role.\u003C\/p\u003EIt was The Diodes and The Viletones who quickly became the giants of the  scene: their infamous rivalry pitted the art school background of The  Diodes against the working class thuggery of The Viletones. But it was  still a tightly-knit community. In 1977, The Diodes turned their  rehearsal space in the basement of a small office building (on Duncan  just south of Queen) into a punk club called the Crash 'N' Burn. That  summer, they invited all the best punk bands in the city to come play —  The Viletones included. For a few, brief, glorious months, bands like  The Curse, The Dishes and Teenage Head shook the building to its  foundations. But it didn't last: The Liberal Party of Ontario had an  office upstairs; by the end of the summer, their complaints about the  noise and rowdiness forced the club to shut down.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EBy then, word had gotten around. That August, The Diodes became the very  first Toronto punk band to sign a deal with a major label. The year  after that, they started playing a brand new song. \"Tired Of Waking Up  Tired\" would prove to be one of the most popular tracks to ever come out  of the Queen West punk scene. \u003Ci\u003EChart\u003C\/i\u003E even put it at #17 on their list of the Top 50 Canadian Singles Of All Time.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ciframe width=\"510\" height=\"383\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ynFK5ylCbTM\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen\u003E\u003C\/iframe\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E-----\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EListen to more Queen Street punk \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.torontohistoricaljukebox.blogspot.ca\/search\/label\/punk\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003EYou can find links to buy Didoes records \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.bongobeat.com\/diodes\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003ESpecial thanks to \u003C\/i\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.bongobeat.com\/diodes\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003ERalph Alfonso\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E (The \u003C\/i\u003EDiodes \"\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Ci\u003Emanager, designer, lighting guy, roadie, publicist\" and co-founder of the Crash 'N' Burn)\u0026nbsp; for his help with this post.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003EYou can listen to more songs from the Toronto Historical Jukebox \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontohistoricaljukebox.blogspot.ca\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E. \u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003EPosted by Adam Bunch\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E, \u003C\/span\u003Ethe Editor-in-Chief of the Little Red Umbrella and the creator of the \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontodreamsproject.blogspot.com\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EToronto Dreams Project\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E and the \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontohistoricaljukebox.blogspot.ca\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EToronto Historical Jukebox\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E. You can read his  posts \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/search\/label\/adam%20bunch\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, follow him on Twitter \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/#%21\/adamtbunch\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, or email him at \u003Ca href=\"mailto:adam@littleredumbrella.com\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Eadam@littleredumbrella.com\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"st_twitter\" displaytext=\"Tweet\" style=\"margin-left: 0px;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"st_facebook\" displaytext=\"Share\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"st_email\" displaytext=\"Email\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/feeds\/664929792684256406\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/2016\/03\/the-toronto-historical-jukebox-tired-of.html#comment-form","title":"43 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1016075013121516936\/posts\/default\/664929792684256406"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1016075013121516936\/posts\/default\/664929792684256406"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/2016\/03\/the-toronto-historical-jukebox-tired-of.html","title":"\u003Cb\u003EThe Toronto Historical Jukebox: \"Tired Of Waking Up Tired\" by The Diodes\u003C\/b\u003E"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Adam Bunch"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/14112071438967577096"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-4NwYbmUd2eA\/UP8-w9wxGHI\/AAAAAAAAFvQ\/qvH9eLVmLh8\/s220\/CarmNXNEProfile.jpg"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-CkAr10fQXWo\/Vvrkfr0hdII\/AAAAAAAAMus\/1vmQ4OzDZcMV1iq0B0WrYOzeqiuiF3MWw\/s72-c\/The%2BDiodes.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"43"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016075013121516936.post-5492569886160083006"},"published":{"$t":"2016-03-19T19:27:00.001-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2016-03-19T19:27:45.255-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"adam bunch"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"baseball"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"bat flip"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"history"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"history and science"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"jose bautista"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"toronto dreams project"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Toronto history"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"On José Bautista's Bat Flip \u0026 The Making of History in Toronto by Adam Bunch"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-IYIQ4RYetao\/Vu3faaXI1rI\/AAAAAAAAMuQ\/gnA_zglbBV0Y-zsSVPxrjXbvOx2JYgtHA\/s1600\/Flip.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: .1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-IYIQ4RYetao\/Vu3faaXI1rI\/AAAAAAAAMuQ\/gnA_zglbBV0Y-zsSVPxrjXbvOx2JYgtHA\/s200\/Flip.jpg\" width=\"200\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe very first legendary home run ever hit in Toronto was hit in 1887.  More than a century before Joe Carter's famous World Series walk-off at  the SkyDome, \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontodreamsproject.blogspot.ca\/2015\/10\/the-tragic-tale-of-torontos-first-big.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003ECannonball Crane hit a homer\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E into the sky above the Don Valley to end a game at \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sunlight_Park\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003ESunlight Park\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E.  It was made all the more impressive by the fact that it came during  extra innings in the second game of a double-header — and that Crane had  pitched all 20 innings for the Toronto Baseball Club on that Saturday  afternoon. Those two victories sparked a 16-game winning streak that  brought Toronto our very first baseball championship.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003ECannonball Crane fell apart soon after, spending his final days as a  broke, unemployed, depressive alcoholic who met his end by drinking a  bottle of a chloral at a seedy motel across the lake in Rochester. But  thanks to that home run, he'd already written his name into the history  of our city. He was a hero. For decades to come, his name would be  mentioned with reverent awe on a regular basis in Toronto. And it still  is from time to time. In fact, next summer Heritage Toronto will unveil a  new plaque on the spot where Sunlight Park once stood — at Queen \u0026amp;  Broadview — and it will include a mention and a photo of Crane. Nearly  130 years after his game-winning home run, the name of Cannonball Crane  is still remembered.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EThose opportunities for quasi-immortality don't come along very often.  Extraordinary talent has to conspire with a strange amount of luck in  front of an unusually large audience. Cannonball Crane was one of the  greatest pitchers and sluggers of his time, brought to the plate at just  the right moment in front of a record-setting crowd — about 10% of the  entire population of Toronto was at Sunlight Park that day.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIn Game Five against the Rangers, one of the greatest sluggers of \u003Ci\u003Eour\u003C\/i\u003E time came to the plate at the SkyDome during one of the strangest innings in baseball history — and \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/media.sportsnet.ca\/2015\/10\/historic-blue-jays-win-delivers-historic-sportsnet-audiences-more-than-1-in-4-canadians-watched-some-part-of-alds-game-5\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Emore than 10%\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E of the entire population of Canada was watching.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-2VyjMMIb8q0\/ViFIO1Kk1uI\/AAAAAAAAMZU\/VAKYPm28uA4\/s1600\/Cannonball%2BCrane.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-2VyjMMIb8q0\/ViFIO1Kk1uI\/AAAAAAAAMZU\/VAKYPm28uA4\/s320\/Cannonball%2BCrane.jpg\" width=\"190\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003ENed \"Cannonball\" Crane\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003ENo one ever expected José Bautista to become a superstar. He was drafted  in the 20th round. He spent years as a forgettable utility infielder.  In his rookie season, he got released and traded four times in just a  few months — from one terrible team to another. Finally, Pittsburgh  traded him to Toronto for a middling minor league catcher.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EThe Blue Jays didn't expect him to become a superstar either. But after making \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/sports\/nationals\/jose-bautistas-home-run-binge-defies-logic-and-history-but-what-a-show-it-is\/2011\/05\/27\/AGVuBlFH_story.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ean adjustment to his swing\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E — adding a higher leg kick to change his timing — that's exactly what  he did become. In 2010, he hit 54 home runs — a dozen more than anybody  else hit that year. And he hasn't looked back. Since Bautista became a  slugger, no other slugger has hit more home runs than he has. On  Thursday, \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/sportsworld.nbcsports.com\/blue-jays-rangers-seventh-inning-jose-bautista-bat-flip-russell-martin-throw\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EJoe Posnanski of NBC Sports\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E called Bautista's career \"one of the most bizarre and inspiring stories in the history of baseball.\"\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003Cbr \/\u003EThey say that thanks to his early struggles — along with facing the  subtle and not-so-subtle racism of the old school baseball establishment  — the Dominican Bautista has always played as if he has something to  prove.  And that, in part, is what makes him such a perfect fit for  Toronto.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ETorontonians, too, feel like we have something to prove. We always have.  It's our infamous colonial mentality, stretching all the way back to  our early days as a muddy outpost on a distant, snowy frontier. Our city  was founded as a capital — but a tiny capital, thousands of kilometers  away from the heart of the British Empire, dwarfed by the American  juggernaut to the south. We've always been secretly ambitious (our  founder, John Graves Simcoe, wanted Toronto to become \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontodreamsproject.blogspot.ca\/2013\/08\/simcoes-vision-for-toronto-city-so.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ea city so awesome\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E that Americans would beg to be let back into the British fold), but we  worry that if we're honest with ourselves we'll find that we're largely  irrelevant. That inferiority complex was already in place long before  Cannonball Crane stepped to the plate on that September afternoon in  1887. It was, I suspect, part of what drove the crowd's frenzied  reaction when he crushed his game-winning home run.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EAs the fans lifted Crane onto their shoulders and paraded him out of  Sunlight Park and onto Queen Street, the team's owner scrawled a  triumphant message on the scoreboard: \"CITIZENS, ARE YOU CONTENT?  TORONTO LEADS THE LEAGUE.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe crowd went nuts. In Toronto, we're always looking for signs that we  really do deserve our place as one of the most important cities on the  continent — even if those signs come from something as random and  trivial as the outcome of a baseball game. On that day, it must have  felt like our city was finally coming into its own: a booming metropolis  in a brand new nation... and now a famous baseball star to call our own  and a fresh championship pennant to hang in our brand new stadium.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EIt felt like that again in the early 1990s, as Joe Carter wrote his own  name into our city's history with his own game-winning home run. We were  still a booming metropolis, even bigger now, playing on a bigger stage,  proud of our country and our place in the world — of peacekeeping and  of Heritage Minutes and of top spot on U.N. lists — with yet another  fresh pennant hanging in yet another brand new baseball stadium. Those  Blue Jays seemed like us, the way many in Toronto were beginning to see  themselves back then: cosmopolitan, multicultural, professional,  elite...\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-1ZO76KJuWO8\/ViFIjzAHo5I\/AAAAAAAAMZc\/MTf8-VlbUA8\/s1600\/JoeCarter-1993.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-1ZO76KJuWO8\/ViFIjzAHo5I\/AAAAAAAAMZc\/MTf8-VlbUA8\/s320\/JoeCarter-1993.jpg\" width=\"260\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EJoe Carter's walk-off\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003EBut since then, of course, our sports teams haven't exactly helped with  the whole inferiority complex thing. At this point, no North American  city with as many major sports franchises as we have in Toronto has gone  this long without at least appearing in a championship final. And while  sports are supposed to be a silly distraction that ultimately doesn't  mean much, it does \u003Ci\u003Edo\u003C\/i\u003E something to a city — there \u003Ci\u003Eis\u003C\/i\u003E a civic toll that comes with being a city full of Leafs fans. \u003Ci\u003EEspecially\u003C\/i\u003E here, where sometimes it still feels like we live on a forgotten, snowy  frontier, where blowing a 4-1 lead late in a hockey game seems to  confirm our worst fears about ourselves and our place in the world. Even  if that's really quite silly.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIn Toronto, we're used to getting our hopes up only to have them  immediately dashed in spectacular, heartbreaking fashion. We're used to  feeling embarrassed by our sports teams, and that feeling spills over  into other areas, too: we're embarrassed by our sports teams, by the new  name of the SkyDome, by our transit system, by our racist Prime  Minster, by our crack-smoking mayor...\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EFor most of this last week, it felt like it was all happening again. As  far as talent is concerned, the Blue Jays are a juggernaut — some say  they're one of the greatest baseball teams ever assembled. But in a  short playoff series bad luck can bring down even the greatest of  baseball teams. And Toronto is used to bad luck.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EWhen the Jays lost the first two games at home, there was a familiar  sinking feeling. And as they clawed their way back into the series over  the next two games, hitting thrilling home runs in the distant heat of  Texas, we were reluctant to get our hopes up again, a city full of  Charlie Browns sick of trying to kick that football.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EFor most of Wednesday night, in the sudden death of Game Five, it seemed  like we were right to be suspicious. For the first six-and-a-half  innings, disaster loomed: the Jays quickly went down by two runs, fought  their way back to tie the game with a mammoth home run from another  lovable Dominican slugger — Edwin Encarnación, \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/larrybrownsports.com\/baseball\/edwin-encarnacion-takes-the-parrot-for-a-walk-home-run-gif\/189290\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ewalker of the parrot\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.thestar.com\/sports\/bluejays\/2015\/08\/29\/sizzling-slugger-edwin-encarnacion-notches-hat-trick-for-blue-jays-dimanno.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ebringer of hat tricks\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E — and then, almost immediately, there was that bizarre fluke throw by  Canadian catcher Russell Martin, the ball clanking off Shin-Soo Choo's  bat and sputtering down the line as the go-ahead run dashed home from  third base. \u003Ci\u003EThis\u003C\/i\u003E was how we were going to end our season? This confusing mess of a run?\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-ulrDH1_KLgw\/ViFJMtgHfxI\/AAAAAAAAMZk\/vk7A2arJI4E\/s1600\/Martin%2BGibbons%2BUmp%2Bon%2BChoo%2Bplay.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-ulrDH1_KLgw\/ViFJMtgHfxI\/AAAAAAAAMZk\/vk7A2arJI4E\/s320\/Martin%2BGibbons%2BUmp%2Bon%2BChoo%2Bplay.jpg\" width=\"260\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EThe aftermath of the Martin-Choo play\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003EThe pathetic, childish, dangerous rain of beer cans that followed wasn't  just about that specific moment in the game, it was about 20 years  without a Blue Jays playoff appearance, about half a century without a  Stanley Cup, about Vince Carter and Chris Bosh and Andrea Bargnani. It  was disgust not just with the umpires or the rules, but with all of  sports in general, with the whole concept of random chance, with the  very nature of the universe itself...\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EBut luck is a funny thing.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EBaseball — like life — is at its best when it feels like magic. It's a  long, unfathomably complicated thing, a baseball season. It's impossible  for a mind to wrap itself around all the pieces and interactions  involved: the hundreds of players, the thousands of games, the hundreds  of thousands of individual plays that can be broken down into millions  of distinct elements. It can be an awe-inspiring experience, watching it  all unfold. The almost quantum-like fluctuations of individual pitches  gradually build themselves into larger structures over the course of the  summer, into the baseball equivalent of planets and stars: games,  seasons and careers. At times, luck and human agency come together in a  sequence of events that seems to defy the laws of reason and logic and  chance — producing moments that seem nearly miraculous. Cannonball Crane  hits a walk-off home run on a day he pitches 20 innings. Joe Carter  becomes the only player in the history of the sport to hit a  come-from-behind home run to win the World Series. We are reminded that  amazing, wonderful, stupid, lucky things \u003Ci\u003Ecan\u003C\/i\u003E happen. Even to us.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ENo one has ever seen anything like that seventh inning. Posnanski called  it, \"The craziest, silliest, weirdest,  wildest, angriest, dumbest and funniest inning in the history of  baseball... There has never been an inning like it.\" That thought has  been echoed over and over again in the hours since it happened — not  just by people in Toronto, but by baseball fans \u003Ci\u003Eeverywhere\u003C\/i\u003E. On her \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/amylawrence.radio.cbssports.com\/about\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003ECBS Sports Radio show\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E,  Amy Lawrence promised, \"We will never forget what happened in that  seventh inning.\" It was, without a doubt, one of the most memorable 53  minutes in the entire history of a sport that has kept records since  before the American Civil War... since before  Canadian Confederation... since before Toronto's first skyscraper was so  much as a glint in an architect's eye... Talent and good luck conspired  on an international stage in a way that no one has ever seen before.  And it happened in Toronto. \u003Ci\u003ETo \u003C\/i\u003EToronto.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ERussell Martin tries to throw the ball back to the pitcher and it hits  Choo's bat. The Rangers make three straight errors. José Bautista comes  to the plate...\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ENo current Blue Jay has been a Blue Jay as long as José Bautista has. No  Blue Jay has waited longer for the team to make the playoffs. For  years, Jays fans have worried that bad luck and the lack of talent  around him would conspire to waste his years here. That he might be  doomed to share the fate of Carlos Delgado and Roy Halladay: superstars  who never played a playoff game with a blue bird on their chest, who  will always be remembered fondly in Toronto, beloved, but never had a  chance to write their name into the history of our city in one instant,  with the indelible ink of a miracle in the postseason or during the  final days of a pennant race. They never had the chance to do something  extraordinary with our whole city watching, our whole country, our whole  continent... the kind of moment that turns you into more than just a  baseball player, that makes you, in some \u003Ci\u003Every\u003C\/i\u003E small way, immortal.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-IUgeLNc0X60\/ViFKQ3-aUjI\/AAAAAAAAMZ0\/Ie3ii15haCE\/s1600\/Bautista-Heritage-Minute.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-IUgeLNc0X60\/ViFKQ3-aUjI\/AAAAAAAAMZ0\/Ie3ii15haCE\/s320\/Bautista-Heritage-Minute.jpg\" width=\"260\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EHistorica bait\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003EYou could see it all in that bat flip. The years of struggle. The years  spent playing for Toronto teams that were never quite as good as he was.  The years of being ignored in favour of the Red Sox and the Yankees.  The years without a playoff berth. Gone. In an instant. In one blazing  miracle of a home run.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EGone for Bautista and gone for Toronto, too. We're happy to have that  bat flip speak for all of us — which is part of why I think we fell so  deeply and instantaneously in love with it. It's the swagger Toronto is  learning to have. The swagger we \u003Ci\u003Ewant \u003C\/i\u003Eto have. The Toronto of  Drake and of #The6ix. Of a giant TORONTO sign in Nathan Phillips Square.  Of one of the world's great music scenes. Of Nuit Blanche and First  Thursdays and Friday nights at the ROM. Of a city that is slowly  realizing — despite all the real and serious problems we still have to  solve — that we really are pretty great, y'know.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EWe're a city coming to the realization that more than 200 years after Simcoe founded our muddy town, we actually \u003Ci\u003Ehave\u003C\/i\u003E lived up to our original promise. And if we still doubt it, Bautista's  home run gives us another chance to get the external validation we want  so badly. For this moment at least, we can forget about them flying our  flag upside-down and about whatever that moron Harold Reynolds thinks.  Toronto, the scribes of NBC Sports \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/sportsworld.nbcsports.com\/blue-jays-rangers-seventh-inning-jose-bautista-bat-flip-russell-martin-throw\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Eremind us\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E as they marvel at that miraculous inning, is \"one of the world’s great cities.\"\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: bold;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ENow, whatever happens, we'll always remember these Blue Jays. These Jays  who feel in so many ways like a reflection of our own city. Of the  Toronto of 2015. A cast of characters drawn together from all over the  world. Truly multicultural. The young, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marcus_Stroman\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Esocial media savvy pitcher\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E from Long Island. The \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roberto_Osuna\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Erookie closer\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, the youngest player in baseball, who quit school as a kid to work in the fields of Mexico. The \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LaTroy_Hawkins\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Eoldest player in baseball\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, who loves the members of his fan club so much that he goes to their weddings. The \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edwin_Encarnaci%C3%B3n\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Equiet Dominican slugger\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E who bought an entire block of his poor, corrupt-sugar-company-run hometown so the residents can still keep living there. The \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R.A._Dickey\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Enerdy veteran pitcher\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E from Nashville who has battled depression and struggled with childhood  sexual abuse, who mastered the mysterious art of the knuckleball when it  seemed like his career was over. \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liam_Hendriks\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EThe Australian reliever\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E. \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Munenori_Kawasaki\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EThe Japanese goofball\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E. \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chris_Colabello\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EThe Italian-American\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E who spent years playing in the independent leagues before finally getting his big break. The \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russell_Martin\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ecatcher from Montreal\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E who gives press conferences in both official languages. The \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dalton_Pompey\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Erookie from Mississauga\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E who runs like the wind. The \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alex_Anthopoulos\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ewhiz-kid Canadian General Manager\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, who got his start with the Expos, who is usually reserved but who \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/instagram.com\/p\/8R0kwGTZ9u\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Eparties, gets drunk, and curses\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E with his team on the night they clinch the pennant.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EEven if the season ends next week, even if the Jays don't win another  game, people in Toronto — people all over Canada — will remember  Donaldson and Tulo and Price and Sanchez and Papa Buehrle and Pillar's  crazy catches and the beaming smile of Ben Revere...\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EBut most of all we'll remember José Bautista. And that bat flip. And the  night it felt like Toronto really could live up to our spot on the big  stage. Just like we did in 1993. And in '92. And in 1887. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E----- \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003EA version of this post originally appeared on \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontodreamsproject.blogspot.ca\/2015\/10\/on-jose-bautistas-bat-flip-making-of.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EThe Toronto Dreams Project Historical Ephemera Blog\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003ERob Ford was there, by the way, somewhere at the Dome as Bautista's  home run soared into the seats. But we weren't embarrassed — we were too  busy celebrating, we didn't even care.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ci\u003EYou can ready my full, illustrated history of baseball in Toronto \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontodreamsproject.blogspot.ca\/2015\/09\/joe-carters-world-series-winning-dream.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E. I've also written more about the tragic tale of Cannonball Crane \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontodreamsproject.blogspot.ca\/2015\/10\/the-tragic-tale-of-torontos-first-big.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, the 1887 Toronto Baseball Club \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontodreamsproject.blogspot.ca\/2013\/04\/torontos-first-great-baseball-team.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, plus the greatest second baseman in Toronto (who isn't who you think it is) \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontodreamsproject.blogspot.ca\/2014\/04\/torontos-greatest-second-baseman-ever.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, Babe Ruth's first home run \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontodreamsproject.blogspot.ca\/2010\/07\/babe-ruths-first-home-run.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, and Joe Carter's World Series-winning dream \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontodreamsproject.blogspot.ca\/2015\/09\/joe-carters-world-series-winning-dream.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/i\u003E \u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"st_twitter\" displaytext=\"Tweet\" style=\"margin-left: 0px;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"st_facebook\" displaytext=\"Share\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"st_email\" displaytext=\"Email\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/feeds\/5492569886160083006\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/2016\/03\/on-jose-bautistas-bat-flip-making-of.html#comment-form","title":"38 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1016075013121516936\/posts\/default\/5492569886160083006"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1016075013121516936\/posts\/default\/5492569886160083006"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/2016\/03\/on-jose-bautistas-bat-flip-making-of.html","title":"\u003Cb\u003EOn José Bautista's Bat Flip \u0026 The Making of History in Toronto\u003C\/b\u003E \u003Ci\u003Eby Adam Bunch\u003C\/i\u003E"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Adam Bunch"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/14112071438967577096"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-4NwYbmUd2eA\/UP8-w9wxGHI\/AAAAAAAAFvQ\/qvH9eLVmLh8\/s220\/CarmNXNEProfile.jpg"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-IYIQ4RYetao\/Vu3faaXI1rI\/AAAAAAAAMuQ\/gnA_zglbBV0Y-zsSVPxrjXbvOx2JYgtHA\/s72-c\/Flip.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"38"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016075013121516936.post-3863144522453593879"},"published":{"$t":"2016-03-17T20:22:00.000-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2016-03-17T20:22:27.408-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"history"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"history and science"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Rebekah Hakkenberg"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"st. patrick"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"st. patrick's day"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"what fresh hell is this"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Who Was This St. Patrick Guy, Anyway? by Rebekah Hakkenberg"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/-mWpv_1QB_7g\/TYIv0TsU3PI\/AAAAAAAAAGg\/PzsVX_Z_VCo\/s1600\/stpat.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/-mWpv_1QB_7g\/TYIv0TsU3PI\/AAAAAAAAAGg\/PzsVX_Z_VCo\/s200\/stpat.jpg\" width=\"200\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EOriginally posted March 17, 2011\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYou're probably too drunk on green beer or Guinness to even read this right now, so why don't you come back tomorrow when you're sober- no wait, better give yourself a day off tomorrow and come back the next day, you know, when you're feeling more like yourself again...\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EHey, you're back! Did you have fun? Good. Now, where was I? Oh yeah, St. Patrick! What was his deal? He was Irish, that much I know. Wasn't he the guy who led all the children out of town with his flute? Oh, no, that was some other guy... okay, I have no idea then. Maybe it was snakes? To Wikipedia, I go!\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003ELet's see now, so it turns out that Saint Patrick wasn't Irish! I know, right? It's not known exactly where he was born, but it was definitely either Scotland, Britain or Wales. He was actually captured by Irish marauders when he was 16 and sold into slavery, the poor little guy. He was sold to some Druid dude named Milchu, and little Paddy (oh yeah, his name wasn't actually Patrick, it was Maewyn Succat, but for our purposes, we'll refer to him as Pat) was his slave for 6 years, until finally being told by an angel to run away, he escaped (on literally, a wing and a prayer) and headed on a boat back to Britain.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003ENow, during his time with the Druids, Pat got really into God. He prayed a lot. I mean, it's not like he had much else to do while he was out in the fields all day tending his master's flock (let's just hope all he did all day was pray...). He also learned the language and traditions of the people of Ireland, and decided it was about time those barbarians got some God in them. So, when he got home he went immediately into the priesthood, and then started gunning for a posting in Ireland, so that he could return to convert the pagans. He eventually did get sent back, and the first thing on his list of people to see and things to do was to find Milchu and give him a piece of his mind. Apparently, though, he didn't want revenge, he just wanted to save the guy's soul. Milchu got wind that his slave boy had returned and was looking for him, so he just went ahead and killed himself. Seriously. Seems a bit extreme, doesn't it? He was either really scared that Pat actually wanted revenge (and so, I imagine this Milchu character must have been a pretty cruel guy) or, he just really didn't want to have to listen to any of Pat's proselytizing (and I mean really, who could blame him?).\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003ESo, after that little setback, Patrick continued his mission to convert the Irish to Christianity. For someone who ended up becoming their patron saint, he sure wasn't treated too well while he was there, often getting beaten, robbed, and probably nearly executed! Not to mention that nasty little detail about the kidnapping and slavery... which is probably why Patrick believed that owning another human being was, you know, like, wrong? And that actually caused a bit of tension between him and the church, which took another 1000 years to get around to condemning slavery. Anyways, judging by Ireland today, Patrick was pretty successful. It is pretty ironic (maybe more like in an Alanis Morisette kinda way, though) how he's celebrated around the world today, though. I'm pretty sure he wouldn't have been totally cool with the drunken belligerence and public urination  that one usually encounters on March 17th. My worst experience with St. Paddy's Day was taking a vomit-smeared bus home at 2am. Literally, the floors, seats, and poles were covered in vomit. Where was my luck o' the Irish then, huh?\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EOh yeah, the thing about single-handedly banishing snakes from Ireland? Probably never happened. Seems there weren't any snakes up there in the first place. So, maybe the snakes are a symbol for the Druids? Or maybe he just made it up. Now, if you'll excuse me, I'm off to banish all the giraffes from Ecuador (sainthood, here I come...) \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E----- \u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003EPhoto: St. Patrick\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003ERebekah Hakkenberg is a curator\/writer\/photographer living in Toronto. She is also the co-creator of \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2zelda.blogspot.com\/\"\u003EOnce Again, To Zelda\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E, which is where an earlier incarnation of this post originally appeared.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"st_twitter\" displaytext=\"Tweet\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"st_facebook\" displaytext=\"Share\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"st_email\" displaytext=\"Email\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/feeds\/3863144522453593879\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/2011\/03\/who-was-this-st-patrick-guy-anyway-by.html#comment-form","title":"20 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1016075013121516936\/posts\/default\/3863144522453593879"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1016075013121516936\/posts\/default\/3863144522453593879"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/2011\/03\/who-was-this-st-patrick-guy-anyway-by.html","title":"\u003Cb\u003EWho Was This St. Patrick Guy, Anyway?\u003C\/b\u003E \u003Ci\u003Eby Rebekah Hakkenberg\u003C\/i\u003E"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Adam Bunch"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/14112071438967577096"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-4NwYbmUd2eA\/UP8-w9wxGHI\/AAAAAAAAFvQ\/qvH9eLVmLh8\/s220\/CarmNXNEProfile.jpg"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/-mWpv_1QB_7g\/TYIv0TsU3PI\/AAAAAAAAAGg\/PzsVX_Z_VCo\/s72-c\/stpat.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"20"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016075013121516936.post-5052362035875759946"},"published":{"$t":"2014-11-30T13:44:00.001-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-11-30T13:44:41.335-05:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"adam bunch"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"history"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"history and science"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"toronto dreams project"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Toronto history"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"wwi"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Two Toronto Nurses \u0026 One of the Most Terrible Nights of the First World War"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-CKZeGgMxKyU\/VHtj2jaATFI\/AAAAAAAALA0\/jKEj7FXnOqA\/s1600\/LlandoveryCastle.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: .1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-CKZeGgMxKyU\/VHtj2jaATFI\/AAAAAAAALA0\/jKEj7FXnOqA\/s1600\/LlandoveryCastle.jpg\" height=\"200\" width=\"200\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne dark night in the summer of 1918, the \u003Ci\u003EHMHS Llandovery Castle\u003C\/i\u003E  was steaming through the waters of the North Atlantic. She was far off  the southern tip of Ireland, nearly two hundred kilometers from the  nearest land. It was a calm night, with a light breeze and a clear sky.  The ship had been built in Glasgow and was named after a castle in  Wales, but now she was a Canadian vessel. Since the world had been  plunged into the bloodiest war it had ever seen, the steamship had been  turned into a floating hospital. She was returning from Halifax, where  she had just dropped off hundreds of wounded Canadian soldiers. On board  were the ship's crew and her medical personnel — including fourteen  nurses. They were just a few of more than two thousand Canadian women  who volunteered to serve overseas as \"Nursing Sisters,\" healing wounds  and saving lives and comforting those who couldn't be saved. As the ship  sliced through the water, big red crosses shone out from either side of  the hull, bright beacons in the dark. The trip was almost over. Soon,  they'd be in Liverpool.\u003C\/p\u003EBut then, without warning, the calm of the night was shattered by a  terrible explosion. The ship had been hit by a torpedo. All the lights  on board went black. The wireless had been knocked out, too; there would  be no S.O.S. And when the captain ordered the engines reversed, there  was no reply; the engine room had been hit, the men inside were already  dead or wounded. So the ship continued to surge forward into the waves,  filling with water as the prow plunged beneath the surface of the ocean.  Within minutes it was clear: the \u003Ci\u003ELlandovery Castle\u003C\/i\u003E was doomed.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EThe order came to abandon ship. Lifeboats were lowered over the sides  and the evacuation began, but it was dangerous work. As the decks  pitched forward and the ship lurched through the waves, two of the  lifeboats were swamped with water, broken, and swept away. Others had  already been destroyed by the explosion. The crew kept at it, though;  they were calm, no one panicked. Within a few short minutes, it's  thought that every single person who had survived the blast had been  ushered into a lifeboat and lowered to the water below.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/--fXwr642aF0\/VGHAOme5tmI\/AAAAAAAAK_s\/04R2i3MkfG4\/s1600\/Mary-Agnes-McKenzie.gif\" style=\"clear: right; margin-bottom: .1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/--fXwr642aF0\/VGHAOme5tmI\/AAAAAAAAK_s\/04R2i3MkfG4\/s1600\/Mary-Agnes-McKenzie.gif\" width=\"150\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EMary Agnes McKenzie\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003EMary Agnes McKenzie was in one of those lifeboats. Her friends called  her Nan. She had been born and raised in Toronto. She went to school in  St. Jamestown as a young girl — at the Rose Avenue School, which is  still there today. She lived in the neighbourhood of Rathnelly, on  Macpherson Avenue, near Dupont \u0026amp; Avenue Road. She was still just a  teenager when she decided she wanted to become a nurse. She got a job at  a hospital here in Toronto and, in the years before the war broke out,  got some experience working at the Military Hospital in Halifax. When  the war did come, she volunteered for duty. She was originally posted to  the Ontario Military Hospital in England, built by our provincial  government, and then found herself serving on board the \u003Ci\u003ELlandovery Castle\u003C\/i\u003E.  While the ship had been docked in Halifax, she'd hoped for a chance to  come home to Toronto for a brief visit with her family. But all leave  had been cancelled. She promised her mom she would try again the next  time they were back in Canada.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EAnd she wasn't the only nurse from Toronto in that lifeboat. Carola  Josephine Douglas had been born in Panama, but grew up with relatives in  Toronto after both her parents died. She graduated from Harbord  Collegiate before training to become a nurse. When the war broke out,  she too volunteered to head overseas — filling out enlistment forms that  still assumed all new recruits were \"he\" and the \"man.\" Soon, she found  herself in the thick of the action in Europe, tending to the wounded at  one of the most dangerous military hospitals in France. As you might  expect, the work she did there took a toll. After more than two years  helping to stitch people back together near the front lines, she became a  patient herself, recuperating from exhaustion. After that, Douglas was  assigned to the \u003Ci\u003ELlandovery Castle\u003C\/i\u003E.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EThe hospital ship was supposed to provide the nurses and other personnel  with something of a rest — a relatively easy assignment for those who  had already seen more than their fair share of stressful duty. But now,  McKenzie, Douglas and the other nurses found themselves back in danger,  lowered over the side of the doomed vessel, along with a few men from  the crew, in Lifeboat No. 5.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EAnd Lifeboat No. 5 was stuck. After it hit the water, it still was held  by ropes to the side of the sinking ship. As they pitched in the waves,  the small boat kept smashing against the hull of the big steamer. One of  the men — Sergeant Arthur Knight from London, Ontario — grabbed an axe  and tried to cut the lifeboat free. But it was no use; the axe broke. So  did the second one. After that, they tried to use the oars to brace  themselves, to keep from being crushed. One by one, the oars broke too.  Until, finally, mercifully, the ropes snapped and they were free.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EThe lifeboat drifted away, but it still wasn't out of danger. They  realized in horror that they were being drawn back toward the stern of  the ship, caught in the suction as the \u003Ci\u003ELlandovery Castle \u003C\/i\u003Esank beneath the waves. They were being dragged into a whirlpool. And there was nothing they could do.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-laZP6poQGNY\/VGHAtT03I9I\/AAAAAAAAK_0\/LZuMBZ2KFYA\/s1600\/The-Llandovery-Castle-CROP.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: .1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-laZP6poQGNY\/VGHAtT03I9I\/AAAAAAAAK_0\/LZuMBZ2KFYA\/s1600\/The-Llandovery-Castle-CROP.jpg\" width=\"235\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EHMHS Llandovery Castle\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003EOne of the nurses — \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.veterans.gc.ca\/eng\/remembrance\/memorials\/canadian-virtual-war-memorial\/detail\/4021529\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EMatron Margaret Fraser\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E,  daughter of the Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia — turned to Sergeant  Knight as they drifted toward the swirling vacuum. \"Sergeant,\" she  asked, \"do you think there is any hope for us?\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EHe later described those dreadful moments, stranded in a lifeboat with  fourteen women who had spent much of the last few years up to their  elbows in blood and guts, but whose entire gender was still dismissed by  many Canadians as too frail for that kind of work, too weak and  emotional to be trusted with an equal say in the world. \"Unflinchingly  and calmly,\" he remembered, \"as steady and collected as if on parade,  without a complaint or a single sign of emotion, our fourteen devoted  nursing sisters faced the terrible ordeal of certain death—only a  matter of minutes—as our lifeboat neared that mad whirlpool of waters  where all human power was helpless... In that whole time I did not hear a  complaint or murmur from one of the  sisters. There was not a cry for help or any outward evidence of fear.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIt took only ten minutes from the time of the explosion to the moment when the last of the \u003Ci\u003ELlandovery Castle \u003C\/i\u003Edisappeared  beneath the waves. And she took Lifeboat No. 5 with her. Everyone on  board was flung into the churning water. The nurses were all wearing  life jackets, but most — if not all of them — were probably drowned  right away. Sergeant Knight never saw any of them ever again. He was  only saved by a lucky explosion — maybe the boilers exploding as the  ship sank toward the ocean floor — which propelled him back to the  surface. If McKenzie or Douglas or any of the other nurses did survive,  they found themselves stranded in the dark waters, clinging to the  wreckage as the night's final horrors got underway.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe U-boat wasn't finished yet.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe captain of the submarine had just committed a war crime. It was  illegal to attack a hospital ship. The red crosses on the sides of the \u003Ci\u003ELlandovery Castle\u003C\/i\u003E had been brightly lit and easy to see. The Germans hadn't given any  warning or tried to board and search the ship first — which would have  been within their rights. Instead, they'd simply fired their torpedoes.  That was against international law and against the standing orders of  the Imperial German Navy. So now, it seems, \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Helmut_Br%C3%BCmmer-Patzig\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003ECaptain Patzig\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E was anxious to cover his tracks.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EAt first, the \u003Ci\u003EU-86 \u003C\/i\u003Esubmarine seized one of the lifeboats and  accused the Canadian crew of harbouring American flight officers or of  shipping ammunition. But the crew denied it. And when it became clear  they weren't getting anywhere, the Germans let that lifeboat go. As it  rowed away to safety, Captain Patzig tried a new approach: the U-boat  turned on the other survivors.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-SaLD-1dMDyM\/VGHB338Ts7I\/AAAAAAAALAA\/g-oBK9A7HJc\/s1600\/U-86.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; margin-bottom: .1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-SaLD-1dMDyM\/VGHB338Ts7I\/AAAAAAAALAA\/g-oBK9A7HJc\/s1600\/U-86.jpg\" width=\"235\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EU-86\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003EFor the next two hours, while those in the water clung to the wreckage and cried out for help, \u003Ci\u003EU-86\u003C\/i\u003E sailed between them, ramming the lifeboats that were still afloat,  firing shells at any that weren't completely destroyed. Then, once all  the Canadians had been forced into the water, the machine guns opened  fire. They killed everyone they could find. If McKenzie or Douglas or  any of the other nurses had managed to survive their initial plunge into  the water, they didn't survive those guns. There had been 258 people on  board the \u003Ci\u003ELlandovery Castle\u003C\/i\u003E. By the time the night was over, the  only survivors were the 24 lucky enough to be on board the one lifeboat  Captain Patzig couldn't find. They would spend the next 36 hours alone  in the middle of the ocean, until they were finally found.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003ELater, the captain of a British ship sailed through the wreckage.  \"[S]uddenly,\" he remembered, \"we began going through corpses.... we were  sailing through  floating bodies. We were not allowed to stop — we just had to go  straight through. It was quite horrific, and my reaction was to vomit  over the edge. It was something we could never have imagined...  particularly the nurses: seeing these bodies of women and nurses,  floating in the ocean, having been there some time. Huge aprons and  skirts in billows, which looked almost like sails because they dried in  the hot sun.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003ENearly a century later, the sinking of the \u003Ci\u003ELlandovery Castle \u003C\/i\u003Eis  still considered to be one of the greatest atrocities of the First World  War. And it immediately began to a play an inflammatory role in the  hatred and violence between the Allies and Germany that would keep the  world drenched in blood for decades to come. In the days that followed  the attack, Toronto's newspapers were filled with cries of outrage. The \u003Ci\u003EDaily Star\u003C\/i\u003E denounced \"this latest exhibition of Hun deviltry.\" The \u003Ci\u003ETelegram\u003C\/i\u003E went with \"Hun savagery.\" Their words were officially echoed by the  Canadian government, which decried the \"savagery... and the utter blackness and dastardly character of the enemy...\" Whether or  not any of the nurses had survived long enough to be shot, Allied  propaganda posters showed them there in the water as German submariners  mowed them down.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-zDfBv047v_0\/VGHDDERLkgI\/AAAAAAAALAQ\/XxV65bNCT2E\/s1600\/Victory_bonds_%28Llandovery_Castle%29-SML.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-zDfBv047v_0\/VGHDDERLkgI\/AAAAAAAALAQ\/XxV65bNCT2E\/s1600\/Victory_bonds_%28Llandovery_Castle%29-SML.jpg\" width=\"150\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003ECanadian propaganda\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003EFor the remaining days of the war, the \u003Ci\u003ELlandovery Castle\u003C\/i\u003E became \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.cefresearch.ca\/phpBB3\/viewtopic.php?f=8\u0026amp;t=1082#p6444\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ea rallying cry\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E for Canadian troops. About a month after the sinking of the ship, the Allies began their final major push — \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hundred_Days_Offensive\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EThe Hundred Days Offensive\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E — which drove the Germans back out of France and finally to their surrender. The Canadians \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada%27s_Hundred_Days\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Eplayed a leading role\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E.  At the Battle of Amiens, they used \"Llandovery Castle\" as a code word.  One brigadier from Moose Jaw told his men \"the battle cry... should be  'Llandovery Castle,'  and that that cry should be the last to ring in the ears of the Hun as  the bayonet was driven home.\" Some say the outrages of that night in the  North Atlantic helped to inspire some Canadian soldiers to \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.canada.com\/victoriatimescolonist\/news\/canada\/story.html?id=93a75181-0327-4d66-892a-4b450be95e11\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ecommit their own\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E — choosing to kill surrendering German troops rather than take them prisoner.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EIn the wake of the war, the Allies insisted that the German officers responsible for the sinking of the \u003Ci\u003ELlandovery Castle\u003C\/i\u003E face charges. The case became one of \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leipzig_War_Crimes_Trials\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ethe Leipzig War Crimes Trials\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E,  held by the German government to prosecute their own troops. As Captain  Patzig fled the country, two of his lieutenants were tried and  convicted to four years of hard labour. But they escaped on their way to  prison and were later acquitted on the grounds that only their captain  was ultimately responsible for their orders.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EFor many people living in Allied countries, the Leipzig Trials were seen  as an example of the Germans being too lenient with their own war  criminals. But many Germans saw the trials as yet another example of the  unfair peace terms imposed upon them by \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Versailles\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ethe Treaty of Versailles\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E.  Some Allies had committed war crimes, too, but it was only the Germans  who seemed to be forced to face the consequences. Those who stood trial  in Leipzig were hailed as patriotic martyrs.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/books.google.ca\/books?id=GRTdAAAAQBAJ\u0026amp;pg=PA18\u0026amp;lpg=PA18\u0026amp;dq=%22leipzig+trials%22+german+response\u0026amp;source=bl\u0026amp;ots=Yu25V6iX2I\u0026amp;sig=L9_veuJKX2dcQh4IKyiNuOek-94\u0026amp;hl=en\u0026amp;sa=X\u0026amp;ei=Y-JfVPejBYq9yQT_-4HQCw\u0026amp;ved=0CDMQ6AEwBA#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=%22leipzig%20trials%22%20german%20response\u0026amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EMany historians\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E believe the anger over the peace terms — including the Leipzig Trials —  eventually helped to propel Adolph Hitler into power. And when Hitler  launched a Second World War, there was a familiar face on his payroll.  Captain Patzig had been welcomed back into the German navy. And this  time, he was in charge of an entire flotilla, training a new generation  of German submariners how to wage war.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E-----\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EA version of this post was originally published on \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontodreamsproject.blogspot.ca\/2014\/11\/two-toronto-nurses-one-of-most-terrible.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EThe Toronto Dreams Project Historical Ephemera Blog\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E. You can find more links and other information there.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ci\u003EPosted by Adam Bunch\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E, \u003C\/span\u003Ethe Editor-in-Chief of the Little Red Umbrella and the creator of the \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontodreamsproject.blogspot.com\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EToronto Dreams Project\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E. You can read his  posts \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/search\/label\/adam%20bunch\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, follow him on Twitter \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/#%21\/adamtbunch\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, or email him at \u003Ca href=\"mailto:adam@littleredumbrella.com\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Eadam@littleredumbrella.com\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"st_twitter\" displaytext=\"Tweet\" style=\"margin-left: 0px;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"st_facebook\" displaytext=\"Share\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"st_email\" displaytext=\"Email\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/feeds\/5052362035875759946\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/2014\/11\/two-toronto-nurses-one-of-most-terrible.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1016075013121516936\/posts\/default\/5052362035875759946"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1016075013121516936\/posts\/default\/5052362035875759946"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/2014\/11\/two-toronto-nurses-one-of-most-terrible.html","title":"\u003Cb\u003ETwo Toronto Nurses \u0026 One of the Most Terrible Nights of the First World War\u003C\/b\u003E"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Adam Bunch"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/14112071438967577096"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-4NwYbmUd2eA\/UP8-w9wxGHI\/AAAAAAAAFvQ\/qvH9eLVmLh8\/s220\/CarmNXNEProfile.jpg"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-CKZeGgMxKyU\/VHtj2jaATFI\/AAAAAAAALA0\/jKEj7FXnOqA\/s72-c\/LlandoveryCastle.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016075013121516936.post-7647415245485057567"},"published":{"$t":"2014-08-21T12:13:00.000-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-08-22T12:38:48.118-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"adam bunch"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"doctor who"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"film and tv"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"history"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"history and science"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"toronto dreams project"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Toronto history"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"tv"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The Torontonian Roots of Doctor Who — The Canadian Behind The Legendary TV Show"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-YjMr3VuEMmE\/Uo5vQwLiWHI\/AAAAAAAAI9Q\/tDk7c0OrYi0\/s1600\/Toronto-Dalek-1-0.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: .1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-YjMr3VuEMmE\/Uo5vQwLiWHI\/AAAAAAAAI9Q\/tDk7c0OrYi0\/s200\/Toronto-Dalek-1-0.gif\" height=\"210\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ci\u003EThis post was originally published on November 21, 2013 during the week of Doctor Who's 50th anniversary. \u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003EDoctor Who\u003C\/i\u003E turns 50 years old this weekend. The Guinness Book of World Records  calls it the most successful  science-fiction series of all-time. It's the longest-running, too. Since  it first debuted in 1963, the show has aired nearly 800 episodes, plus  specials, spin-offs, movies, radio plays, mini episodes, sketches for  charity shows, books, graphic novels... It's an icon of British culture;  the London \u003Ci\u003ETimes\u003C\/i\u003E called it \"quintessential to being British.\" But if you want to trace the show back to the very, \u003Ci\u003Every\u003C\/i\u003E beginning, to the person who more than any other is credited with the creation of \u003Ci\u003EDoctor Who\u003C\/i\u003E,  well, then you have to travel back to Canada, back to downtown Toronto,  back to a brand new baby boy born in our city during the First World  War.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EHis  name was Sydney Newman. He was born in 1917, to parents who had moved  to Canada from Russia. They owned a shoe shop, but their son dreamed of  being an artist. As a kid, he went to Odgen Public School (just a block  north-east of Queen \u0026amp; Spadina); as a teenager during the Great  Depression he studied art and design at Central Tech (on Bathurst just  south of Bloor). By the time he was in his early twenties, he was making  a good living as a commercial artist, designing movie posters.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EBut  by his own admission, Newman was a restless sort. He was quickly  developing a new passion: film. And his timing was absolutely perfect.  In 1939, when Newman was just 21 years old, the National Film Board of  Canada was created. The government had commissioned a report that  recommended they commission another report that recommended they create  the NFB. It was a way of strengthening Canadian culture and promoting  national unity by making and distributing uniquely Canadian films,  especially documentaries. Newman got in on the ground floor pretty much  right away, working as a splicer-boy editing film.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EHe worked his way up quickly, writing and then directing and then producing. He got to work under \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Grierson\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EJohn Grierson\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E,  a documentary filmmaker from Scotland who had written the government  report and co-founded the NFB. He's hailed as \"the father of British and  Canadian film.\" With the Second World War breaking out just a few  months after the NFB got started, Newman found himself working on the  \"Canada Carries On\" propaganda newsreels that ran in movie theatres  before feature films. Eventually, he'd be in charge of the whole series.  His work would appear on hundreds of movie screens across the country.  During his decade at the NFB, he worked on something like 350 films. \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EBut  now, with the war over, an even newer medium was catching on:  television. By the late 1940s, some Canadians along the border had  already bought their first TV sets to watch the earliest American shows.  But we didn't have our own channel yet, so the CBC put together yet  another report: this one was a plan to launch their own public  television network. As part of the preparations for the launch, the  government sent Newman down to New York City. He spent a year observing  the various television departments at NBC, sending monthly reports back  to Ottawa. \"I fell passionately in love with television during my year  in New York,\" he later remembered. He was particularly fascinated by the  educational potential.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-tq4JUR-DIPQ\/Uo3Ke_h6lhI\/AAAAAAAAI8w\/HyEPGgbaS2E\/s1600\/SydneyNewman-CONTRAST-1963-BBC.gif\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-tq4JUR-DIPQ\/Uo3Ke_h6lhI\/AAAAAAAAI8w\/HyEPGgbaS2E\/s320\/SydneyNewman-CONTRAST-1963-BBC.gif\" width=\"230\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003ESydney Newman at the CBC, 1950s\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003ESo when he got  back from NYC, he left the NFB and accepted a job at the brand new  CBC-TV. He was put in charge of all their outdoor broadcasts. Newman was  the guy who put Foster Hewitt and \u003Ci\u003EHockey Night in Canada\u003C\/i\u003E on TV for the very first time. That same year, he broadcast the very first televised Grey Cup game.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EBut  he would make his biggest splash as the head of the Drama department.  He took it over in 1954; by then, CBC-TV was a big deal. Well over half  the people in Canada now owned a television set; we had quickly become  one of the leading television-producing nations in the world. \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003ENewman,  still only 31 years old, got to work implementing his new ideas. He was  deeply influenced by his time making documentaries at the NFB, and he  passionately believed television shows should try to connect with the  lives of the people watching. \"Canadians seeing themselves in dramatic  situations always seemed to  me the best way to get them to watch my programmes,\" he later said. At a  time when a lot of the dramas on television were just classic old plays  and novels shot with TV cameras, Newman hired exciting young writers  and directors to produce original screenplays. He encouraged them to  write about current events, tell stories about the world around them,  and to break new ground. \"[O]ne always complains about Canada,\" he said,  \"...we don't know  who were are or where we're going or how we connect up with the USA.  Well, I would say the bloody simple way to find out is to let the  writers  talk about themselves... and Canadians will  quickly find out what they are.\"\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EBy  the end of the 1950s, Canada was getting a reputation for being on the  cutting edge of the new medium. While Marshall McLuhan was teaching  groundbreaking media theory just a few minutes away at the University of  Toronto, the producers at the CBC were developing their own new ideas.  \"We were the only  country that had no [pre-existing film or television] tradition,\" one \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Almond\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003ECBC writer\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E later remembered, \"so television was our beginning. We did  things on television they didn't do in England or America.\" The CBC gave  them the freedom to experiment and Newman made sure they used it. His  Tuesday night show, \u003Ci\u003EGeneral Motors Theatre\u003C\/i\u003E, became a hotbed for new story ideas, camera techniques and young talent.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EHe hired, for instance, \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lister_Sinclair\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003ELister Sinclair\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, the future host of CBC Radio's \u003Ci\u003EIdeas\u003C\/i\u003E,  who had recently been called out in the House of Commons over a radio  play he wrote about an unmarried pregnant woman considering an abortion.  (The leader of the Conservatives denounced it as \"disgraceful\" and  demanded government action.) Another was Len Peterson; he'd been  criticized for daring to write about alienated youth and the erosion of  democratic freedoms during the hyper-nationalistic years of the Second  World War.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EBut it was a third playwright, Arthur Hailey, who wrote the biggest hit for \u003Ci\u003EGeneral Motors Theatre\u003C\/i\u003E. It was called \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flight_into_Danger\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003E\u003Ci\u003EFlight Into Danger\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E,  a tense thriller about an airplane whose pilots get food poisoning. It  starred James Doohan (just a few years before he played Scotty on \u003Ci\u003EStar Trek\u003C\/i\u003E)  and it was a HUGE success. One critic called it, \"probably the most  successful TV play ever written anywhere.\" Hollywood turned it into \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zero_Hour%21\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ea feature film\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E (which was then, in turn, spoofed by \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Airplane%21\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003E\u003Ci\u003EAirplane!\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E).  The BBC aired the original CBC version, too. In fact, they bought more  than two dozen Newman-produced CBC episodes. His shows were grittier,  more innovative and more exciting than what the British were doing. And  there, at the end of every single one, was Sydney Newman's name. \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-Axj3xIWrI60\/Uo2wmnfsiDI\/AAAAAAAAI7k\/qju-tNUL_TA\/s1600\/FlightIntoDanger.gif\" style=\"clear: right; margin-bottom: .1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-Axj3xIWrI60\/Uo2wmnfsiDI\/AAAAAAAAI7k\/qju-tNUL_TA\/s200\/FlightIntoDanger.gif\" height=\"200\" width=\"192\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EFlight Into Danger\u003C\/i\u003E, 1956\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003ESo that's how he ended up in England.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EThe  BBC had started their own television network all the way back in the  very late 1920s — more than 20 years before the CBC did — and for a long  time they had a monopoly on the British airwaves. But now, in the  1950s, they were forced to compete with private broadcasters. It was one  of those private channels, ABC, who offered Newman a job. He was happy  in Canada — he says he found the television scene here \"terribly  exciting\" — but he just couldn't resist the opportunity.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ESo  he packed his bags and headed off to London to become the head of Drama  for ABC. He brought his trademark moustache and bowtie with him — along  with his radical, new, Canadian ideas.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\"I didn't really like what I saw here [in England] on television,\" he said. \"Most television  drama in 1958 — and when I say most, I mean 98% of it — consisted of either  dramatization of short stories or a novel, or consisted of hand-me-down  theatre plays, which were adapted for television... The theatre has  always been a kind of middle class activity... These plays never had any  real roots in the mass of the audience.\" \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EOr as he put it more bluntly: \"Damn the upper classes – they don’t even own televisions!\" \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EAs part of his job at ABC, Newman took over a show called \u003Ci\u003EArmchair Theatre\u003C\/i\u003E — sort of the British version of \u003Ci\u003EGeneral Motors Theatre\u003C\/i\u003E — where he again made sure to hire exciting new writers. This time,  they were British ones, many of them playwrights who were having trouble  establishing themselves in the upper-middle-class world of London's  West End theatres. Newman helped launch the early careers of English  writers like \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harold_Pinter\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EHarold Pinter\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ken_Loach\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EKen Loach\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alun_Owen\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EAlun Owen\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E (who would later write the screenplay for The Beatles' \u003Ci\u003EA Hard Day's Night\u003C\/i\u003E).\u003Ci\u003E \u003C\/i\u003EHis  writers wrote about issues like race, sexual assault and the potential  for a nuclear holocaust. And the work they produced for Newman at ABC  met with the same kind of popular acclaim he had achieved with the CBC. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\"They were locals,\" Newman explained. \"They were ordinary people... they wrote  about the country that they knew... We discovered  that the audiences were just eating this stuff up. And in retrospect,  looking back, the audience loved the plays because the plays were about  them, not about some elegant people in drawing rooms... They were plays, really, about the working  class. And for the first time in England, the working class was being  presented not as comic foil.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-fPjn__S14s4\/UoxgZYr-wtI\/AAAAAAAAI5s\/oEa_qNBvynw\/s1600\/Newman-Kotcheff-1956.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: .1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-fPjn__S14s4\/UoxgZYr-wtI\/AAAAAAAAI5s\/oEa_qNBvynw\/s200\/Newman-Kotcheff-1956.jpg\" height=\"200\" width=\"181\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003ENewman \u0026amp; Kotcheff, CBC, 1956\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003ENewman liked to call this kind of TV show \"theatre of  the people,\" but the programs would become better known as \"kitchen  sink dramas.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EAnd it wasn't just the writers. Newman brought some Canadian directors with him to England. People like \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ted_Kotcheff\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003ETed Kotcheff\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E (a Torontonian who would later direct \u003Ci\u003EThe Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz\u003C\/i\u003E and \u003Ci\u003EWeekend At Bernie's\u003C\/i\u003E)  experimented with new camera techniques. Instead of boring, static  shots, they adopted a more cinematic style, including hand-held  camerawork and more frequent close-ups. Newman used those Canadian  directors along with young British directors who were interested in the  same kind of innovation. \"We wanted to push against the limitations of  the medium,\" Kotcheff remembered, \"to approach the freedom of film, and  not to enslave it to the theatrical tradition in which we found it when  we arrived...\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EMeanwhile, Newman used the talent he  assembled to create a slate of brand new shows. His biggest hit with ABC  was an adventure thriller capitalizing on the public's obsession with  spies during those early years of the Cold War. It starred \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patrick_Macnee\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Eone of the British actors\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E Newman had regularly used back in Toronto. It was called \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Avengers_%28TV_series%29\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003E\u003Ci\u003EThe Avengers\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E. It would prove to be one of the most famous television shows ever. But that was nothing. Newman had an even bigger hit coming.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIn 1962, he left ABC for the BBC. Now, he would be the head of \u003Ci\u003Etheir\u003C\/i\u003E Drama department. And the new boss wanted him to mix things up.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\"Syd brought this breath of fresh  air into the stuffiness of the BBC,\" \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/tardis.wikia.com\/wiki\/Richard_Martin_%28director%29\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Eone of his colleagues\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E later remembered. \"With all its invention and all its  wonderful storytelling, the BBC \u003Ci\u003Ehad\u003C\/i\u003E been very stuffy... I don't think Syd had read Dickens. He certainly hadn't read  Thackery. And as for Jane Austin, I mean, it was absolutely dead meat as  far as he was concerned. He wanted something new.\" \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EOne  of his first challenges was to fix a slot in the BBC's Saturday  afternoon schedule. They already had two big Saturday afternoon hits: \u003Ci\u003EGrandstand \u003C\/i\u003E(a sports show) and \u003Ci\u003EJuke Box Jury\u003C\/i\u003E (a pop music show). But right between them, at tea time, the ratings  took a dive. The BBC had been airing a serial of classics, stuff like  adapted Dickens novels. People were tuning out. Newman wanted to replace  it with a new show of original material that would still educate and  inform, but also appeal to the younger viewers who were already watching  the other two shows.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EHe decided the perfect solution was a science-fiction show for kids.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EBack  when he was growing up in Toronto, Newman had been a big fan of  science-fiction. And he still was. \"[U]p to the age of 40,\" he said, \"I  don't think there was a science-fiction book I hadn't read. I love them  because they're a marvellous way—and a \u003Ci\u003Esafe\u003C\/i\u003E way, I might add—of saying nasty things about our own society.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-LbaCMqhJslA\/Uo15cT4MmFI\/AAAAAAAAI6c\/V-QDjnu-Cog\/s1600\/pathfindersinspace.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; margin-bottom: .1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-LbaCMqhJslA\/Uo15cT4MmFI\/AAAAAAAAI6c\/V-QDjnu-Cog\/s200\/pathfindersinspace.jpg\" height=\"192\" width=\"200\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EPathfinders in Space\u003C\/i\u003E, 1960\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003EWhen he was at ABC, he had produced a science fiction trilogy called \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/tardis.wikia.com\/wiki\/Pathfinders_in_Space\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003E\u003Ci\u003EPathfinders\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E. And back when he was at the CBC, they'd done a Canadian version of the \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Howdy_Doody#The_Canadian_Howdy_Doody_Show\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003E\u003Ci\u003EHowdy Doody\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E puppet show with a science fiction twist: a character called Mr. X who  taught kids about history and science by travelling through space and  time in his Whatsis Box. (Mr. X didn't last long; parents complained he  was too scary.) \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EThe  BBC was no stranger to science-fiction either. They had already done a  bunch of shows with a sci-fi theme, stretching all the way back to some  of their earliest programming. In fact, earlier the same year Newman  joined the staff, the BBC compiled a pair of reports exploring the idea  of a new science-fiction show. \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003ESo that's how \u003Ci\u003EDoctor Who\u003C\/i\u003E started: with a meeting in an office at the BBC during the spring of  1963. Newman brought the authors of the science-fiction reports together  with screenwriters from the old Drama and Children's departments (which  Newman had now merged). It was the first in a series of brainstorming  sessions over the course of the next few months, which produced a series  of story ideas and character sketches that gradually coalesced into \u003Ci\u003EDoctor Who\u003C\/i\u003E.  A whole team contributed ideas, but it's Newman who generally gets  credit for the core of them, from the name of the show to the basic  premise. \"The idea of \u003Ci\u003EDoctor Who\u003C\/i\u003E,\" he later explained, \"...was basically a senile old man, of 720  years or 60 years of age, who has escaped from a distant planet in a  spaceship. And the spaceship had the capacity to go forward and backward  in time.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ENewman insisted the show had to be  educational — about science and history — and that, even if the premise  was extraordinary, it still had to connect with the ordinary lives of  the people watching. He nixed the idea of making the main characters  scientists (they wouldn't need to learn as much), proposed the cast  should include a teenaged girl (who young people could identify with)  and when the writers suggested the time machine should be invisible,  Newman argued it should present a striking visual image instead. In the  end, the Doctor's first companions would be a science teacher, a history  teacher and his own teenaged grand-daughter, while the TARDIS time  machine would take the form of an iconic blue police box — a familiar  sight to English viewers in 1963.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EBut while Newman might have played a leading role in the creation \u003Ci\u003EDoctor Who\u003C\/i\u003E,  he wasn't going to produce it or direct himself. So, as usual, he set  about finding the most exciting, young, innovative talent he could find.  \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-DZkyG4GdJqU\/Uo1-fZ3SGCI\/AAAAAAAAI60\/TS_QhV-Ciuw\/s1600\/VerityLambert02.gif\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: .1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-DZkyG4GdJqU\/Uo1-fZ3SGCI\/AAAAAAAAI60\/TS_QhV-Ciuw\/s200\/VerityLambert02.gif\" width=\"210\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EVerity Lambert\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003EFirst  up: producer. \"I didn't feel I had anyone on the staff who seemed right  for the kind of idiocy and fun and yet serious underlying intent,\"  Newman said. So he called up his old production assistant at ABC and  offered her a promotion. Verity Lambert was just 27 years old when she  became the producer of \u003Ci\u003EDoctor Who\u003C\/i\u003E. At the time, she was the youngest producer in the Drama department and the \u003Ci\u003Eonly\u003C\/i\u003E female producer at the BBC.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EMeanwhile,  the director for the pilot episode would be Waris Hussein. He was even  younger: just 24, a recent graduate of Cambridge, where he'd worked with  student actors like Derek Jacobi and Ian McKellan. He, like all of  Newman's favourite directors, was interested in bringing a more  cinematic style to television. And he, too, was breaking new ground: the  very first Indian-born director to work for the BBC. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EBut  as talented as they were, shooting that first episode would prove to be  a major challenge for Lambert and Hussein. The BBC executives above  Newman weren't completely sold on the show. They threatened to cancel it  before a single episode had aired. The production team was forced to  make do with a small budget despite their need to create entire alien  worlds, historical costumes and the elaborate interior of the TARDIS.  They were also forced to shoot on a sound stage so old it was nearly  obsolete: Studio D at Lime Grove, a long, thin room which didn't give  them much space at all. They couldn't even fit the police box in the  elevator. \"It was so old-fashioned, it didn't even have a lighting  console,\" Lambert remembered in later interviews, \"...It was like going  into a studio that had  come out of Noah's Ark... It was horrendous. If it got too hot, the  sprinklers would turn on.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ETheir first attempt at  shooting the pilot — in which the Doctor and his companions travel back  to the Stone Age — was a disaster. The Doctor\u0026nbsp; wasn't funny  enough. The grand-daughter was too strange. Hussein had been too  ambitious with his cinematic camerawork; the early TV cameras  were just too clunky and heavy to pull it off. One of the actors  remembered the day they screened the episode for Newman: \"There was a  long silence. And then Sydney got up and  just said, 'Do it again, Waris.'\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ENewman took Lambert  and Hussein out to a Chinese restaurant in Kensington High Street to  explain just how bad it was. \"By rights I should be firing both of you,\"  he told them, according to Hussein. But he believed in their talent and  was willing to give them a second chance. Decades later, Hussein is  still grateful: \"For Sydney to put himself on the line makes him into  somebody who, as far as I'm concerned, is a hero.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ETheir second attempt at filming the first episode went much better. The night before it was supposed to air they were already working on the  filming of a second storyline. It was November 22, 1963. That date is  better remembered for another reason.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-TkN2tjLzQDE\/Uo2CHaDFzVI\/AAAAAAAAI7A\/afPxnZiJv8w\/s1600\/FirstDoctor-WilliamHartnell.gif\" style=\"clear: right; margin-bottom: .1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-TkN2tjLzQDE\/Uo2CHaDFzVI\/AAAAAAAAI7A\/afPxnZiJv8w\/s200\/FirstDoctor-WilliamHartnell.gif\" height=\"196\" width=\"200\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EThe First Doctor, William Hartnell\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003ECarole Ann Ford, who played the Doctor's  grand-daughter Susan, was waiting for the elevator on her way up to the  studio when she heard the news: John F. Kennedy had been shot. \"I'll  never actually understand how we got through it,\" she remembered,  \"because it was a  very, very shocking thing... I was shaking. I  thought, 'I'm never going to be able to do this.' ... I think I was  trying not to cry, actually; I think we were all like that.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ENo matter how good it was, the premiere of \u003Ci\u003EDoctor Who\u003C\/i\u003E was doomed to be overshadowed by the death of JFK. When the first  episode aired the next day, it was slightly delayed in order to  broadcast more news about the assassination. And the public just wasn't  in the mood for time-travelling adventure. The BBC decided to the air  the pilot again the very next week, but at the end of the first serial —  four episodes based on the Stone Age story — the show's ratings were  average at best. The BBC was going to need more convincing.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThey say it was the Daleks who saved \u003Ci\u003EDoctor Who\u003C\/i\u003E.  The Doctor's arch-nemeses both terrified and thrilled children: their  creepy robotic voices; their bone-chilling \"Exterminate!\" catchphrase;  the aesthetics of a lethal salt and pepper shaker armed with a toilet  plunger and a ray gun. The aliens who felt no emotion but hate were a  hit as soon as they appeared for the very first time in the show's  second serial. By the end of that storyline, there were more than 10  million people watching \u003Ci\u003EDoctor Who\u003C\/i\u003E. Dalekmania had arrived.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ESydney  Newman didn't like the Daleks. He agreed with one of the BBC reports  when it said the show should avoid the use of \"bug-eyed monsters.\"  Newman called it \"the cheapest form of science-fiction.\" But as you  might expect from a 50 year-old show whose main character has been  played in a dozen different forms by a dozen different actors, \u003Ci\u003EDoctor Who\u003C\/i\u003E can't be reduced to the vision of one person. It quickly took on a life  of its own. Those bug-eyed monsters became a staple of the show's  format and a large part of its appeal, sending generations of  delightfully terrified children scrambling to watch the action from  behind the safety of their sofas.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EBut even half a  century later, the use of those alien monsters still reflects the values  Newman brought to the show when it first started. They're about more  than just cheap scares; they're a learning opportunity. They give the  Doctor a chance to demonstrate his respect for others and his belief  that violence should be used only as the \u003Ci\u003Every\u003C\/i\u003E last resort. He  prefers to use his brain to solve problems. He's willing to risk his own  life in order to open a dialogue with those bug-eyed monsters who, more  often than not, turn out to have perfectly logical motives. Even if  they're not always good ones.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-l3cpGQX1gUY\/Uo17ZBMhXPI\/AAAAAAAAI6o\/SDPAx-CAN_4\/s1600\/DalekInvasionOfEarth.gif\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-l3cpGQX1gUY\/Uo17ZBMhXPI\/AAAAAAAAI6o\/SDPAx-CAN_4\/s200\/DalekInvasionOfEarth.gif\" width=\"210\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\"The Dalek Invasion of Earth,\" 1964\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003EThose ideas about peace-making and peace-keeping had a  new weight in the wake of the horrors of the Second World War. In fact,  at the time Newman left Toronto, they were helping to forge a new  Canadian national identity. The year before Newman's departure, future  Canadian Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson had won the Nobel Peace Prize  for being the champion of the brand new idea of United Nations  peacekeeping. The idea quickly became a central part of the Canadian  identity.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIt was also, at the very same time, helping  to reshape the British national identity. Pearson's peacekeepers were a  response to British and French military aggression during the Suez  Crisis in the Middle East. The Crisis was, for many Britons, a sign the  Empire was not only over, but immoral. The BBC played an important role,  clashing with the \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anthony_Eden\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EConservative Prime Minster\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E who wanted to muzzle opposition, pressuring the public broadcaster to  support the government's position. It became a defining moment in the  history of the BBC. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ESo it's not surprising a Canadian  in the early 1960s would create a TV show reflecting something of a  Pearsonian worldview — or that upon his arrival at the BBC, he would  find plenty of people who agreed. Within a few years, in fact, \u003Ci\u003EDoctor Who\u003C\/i\u003E had made the United Nations a major part of the show's storyline. And  even today, the modern version of the series echoes the lessons learned  in those dark days: the Doctor is haunted by the horrors of a recent  Time War between his own people and the Daleks, and he's troubled by his  own role in the violence.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ENewman would continue on  with the BBC until the late '60s — he was still there when the show made  its next genius leap forward: the idea of \"regeneration.\" It allowed  them to replace the aging actor who played the First Doctor, William  Hartnell,\u003Cb\u003E \u003C\/b\u003Ewith a new actor playing a new twist on the same old  character. It gave the show a built-in way of evolving over time,  connecting with successive generations of viewers, and helping to ensure  that it would still be a huge hit long after Newman and all the other  original creators of the show had moved on.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EAnd  for Newman, that time would come sooner rather than later. After he  left the BBC, he stayed in England to make feature films for a while,  but he didn't find much success with it. Besides, he missed Toronto.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\"I am eternally interested in going back to Canada,\" he told one interviewer, \"...it is my  country. I mean, just the sheer thought of Yonge \u0026amp; College  streets sends shivers... I  can't wait to see the Toronto City Hall. I can't wait to go to Georgian Bay. It's \u003Ci\u003Emy\u003C\/i\u003E country. And there's something deep about this. It's corny and it's junior Chamber of Commerce stuff, but it's me.\"\u003Cb\u003E \u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003EFinally, after a decade in England, Newman headed back home to Toronto. The London\u003Ci\u003E Times\u003C\/i\u003E mourned the loss. \"Sydney Newman  flew back to Canada yesterday, and British television will never be  quite the same again. Arguably the most significant individual in the development of British  television drama and a central architect of Canadian television in the  fifties.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EBut the Canadian television scene he came  back to wasn't quite the same as the one he'd left behind. The CBC had  drastically slashed their drama department, prompting an exodus of  Canadian talent. Homegrown writers, directors and actors all decided  they would be better off in England or the United States. Newman called  it, \"a tremendous loss to... the consciousness of the nation... a  tragedy for the country as a whole.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-F0sxN68a-DM\/Uo20aaj6VZI\/AAAAAAAAI7w\/UbmVU38piPY\/s1600\/FLQrally.gif\" style=\"clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-F0sxN68a-DM\/Uo20aaj6VZI\/AAAAAAAAI7w\/UbmVU38piPY\/s200\/FLQrally.gif\" height=\"179\" width=\"200\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EStudent FLQ rally, Montreal\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003EInstead of heading back to the CBC, Newman took a job  as the head of the NFB. But it, too, was an organization in turmoil.  This was 1970: the height of the separatist terrorist attacks by the  FLQ. The desire to separate from the rest of Canada had reached a  boiling point in Québec: there were riots, bombs going off, kidnappings  of diplomats and politicians. Two months after Newman returned to the  NFB, the FLQ murdered a cabinet minister. The Prime Minster temporarily  declared martial law in Québec. Newman — who didn't even speak French —  spent a lot of his time at the NFB clashing with separatists inside the  organization. He claimed Québecois filmmakers were too focused on  high-minded politics, ignoring ordinary people. And when \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Denys_Arcand\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EDenys Arcand\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E — one of the great Québecois filmmakers, who won an Oscar in 2004 for \u003Ci\u003EThe Barbarian Invasions\u003C\/i\u003E — made a \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/On_est_au_coton\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Edocumentary\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E for the NFB that included two members of the FLQ calling for armed  revolution, Newman kept it from being released. He was denounced for  censorship. The FLQ even considered him as a target for kidnapping.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EMeanwhile, the greatest success of his career wasn't even being aired in Canada. The CBC had shown the first 26 episodes of \u003Ci\u003EDoctor Who\u003C\/i\u003E,  but then stopped. Canadians wouldn't be able to watch it on TV again  until the late 1970s, when TV Ontario finally picked it up for good.  They even added to the educational angle of the show: \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=byXP3vr8YYM\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ean intro or wrap-up\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E put each episode in its scientific or historical context, hosted at  first by a futurist U of T professor and then Torontonian  science-fiction writer \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Judith_Merril\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EJudith Merril\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ESadly,  by the late 1980s, the show's popularity was slipping even at home in  England. On Saturday afternoons, it was forced to complete with Mr. T in  the wildly popular American show \u003Ci\u003EThe A-Team\u003C\/i\u003E; when it got moved to Mondays, it was up against the mother of all British kitchen sink dramas: \u003Ci\u003ECoronation Street\u003C\/i\u003E. \u003Ci\u003EDoctor Who\u003C\/i\u003E was almost cancelled in 1986, survived and then got cancelled for real.  Newman had some meetings with the BBC in an attempt to save it and take  over as producer, but he didn't get along with the network's new  management. For more than a decade, the BBC didn't make any new episodes  of \u003Ci\u003EDoctor Who\u003C\/i\u003E. A full-length movie by FOX, featuring a new  Doctor in an American setting, was meant to spark new interest and a new  series, but it didn't work. It looked like Newman's greatest triumph  was finally, completely dead.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-LLtGge8cauU\/Uo21eQnaSXI\/AAAAAAAAI78\/yV7gSFMK3-Y\/s1600\/mattsmith.gif\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-LLtGge8cauU\/Uo21eQnaSXI\/AAAAAAAAI78\/yV7gSFMK3-Y\/s200\/mattsmith.gif\" height=\"200\" width=\"200\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EThe Eleventh Doctor, Matt Smith\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003EBut not for long. A new generation of BBC executives and producers realized what they'd lost. In 2005, \u003Ci\u003EDoctor Who \u003C\/i\u003Ecame  back with a new Doctor, a new companion, a new look, and all the old  villains. This time the CBC played a more direct role. They aired the  new series right from the very beginning — even accidentally allowed a  leak of the first episode before it aired — and then co-produced the  next two seasons. Canada had invested public funds in the career of the  show's creator and now Canada invested public funds in order to help the  show regain its position as one of the most popular dramas on TV. The  reboot has been shown every week in more than 50 countries. The biggest  episodes are seen by more than 10 million viewers in the UK alone. And  there's not a single drama on television that gets a better appreciation  rating from viewers. Half a century after the TARDIS first materialized  at Studio D in Lime Grove, Sydney Newman's greatest triumph is quite  literally the most loved drama on television. \u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E-----\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ci\u003EA version of this post originally appeared on \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontodreamsproject.blogspot.ca\/2013\/11\/the-torontonian-roots-of-doctor-who.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EThe Toronto Dreams Project Historical Ephemera Blog\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E. You can find more sources and other information there.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ci\u003ERead more of our posts about Doctor Who \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/search\/label\/doctor%20who\" target=\"\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E. \u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EAdam Bunch\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E \u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003Eis\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E the Editor-in-Chief of the Little Red Umbrella and the creator of the \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontodreamsproject.blogspot.com\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EToronto Dreams Project\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E. You can read his  posts \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/search\/label\/adam%20bunch\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, follow him on Twitter \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/#%21\/adamtbunch\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, or email him at \u003Ca href=\"mailto:adam@littleredumbrella.com\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Eadam@littleredumbrella.com\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"st_twitter\" displaytext=\"Tweet\" style=\"margin-left: 0px;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"st_facebook\" displaytext=\"Share\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"st_email\" displaytext=\"Email\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/feeds\/7647415245485057567\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/2013\/11\/the-torontonian-roots-of-doctor-who.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1016075013121516936\/posts\/default\/7647415245485057567"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1016075013121516936\/posts\/default\/7647415245485057567"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/2013\/11\/the-torontonian-roots-of-doctor-who.html","title":"\u003Cb\u003EThe Torontonian Roots of \u003Ci\u003EDoctor Who\u003C\/i\u003E — The Canadian Behind The Legendary TV Show\u003C\/b\u003E"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Adam Bunch"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/14112071438967577096"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-4NwYbmUd2eA\/UP8-w9wxGHI\/AAAAAAAAFvQ\/qvH9eLVmLh8\/s220\/CarmNXNEProfile.jpg"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-YjMr3VuEMmE\/Uo5vQwLiWHI\/AAAAAAAAI9Q\/tDk7c0OrYi0\/s72-c\/Toronto-Dalek-1-0.gif","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016075013121516936.post-1246601552815757976"},"published":{"$t":"2014-08-11T12:51:00.000-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-08-11T12:51:40.133-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"adam bunch"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"england"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"history"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"history and science"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"london"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"toronto dreams project"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Toronto history"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The Guy Toronto Was Originally Named After (And His Super-Big Sex Scandal)"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-xgPoOrtAIhY\/U7dUKyAXmVI\/AAAAAAAAJ78\/aiqgs0-y6Mg\/s1600\/IMG_0566.JPG\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: .1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-xgPoOrtAIhY\/U7dUKyAXmVI\/AAAAAAAAJ78\/aiqgs0-y6Mg\/s1600\/IMG_0566.JPG\" height=\"200\" width=\"200\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis giant column towers above London, England from one of the most prominent spots in the whole city. It's at the top of some stairs just down the street from Buckingham Palace, about a block from Trafalgar Square, a couple of blocks from Downing Street and the Houses of Parliament. And it's, like, \u003Ci\u003Ereally\u003C\/i\u003E big. More than 40 meters tall. That's about 12 storeys. The statue on top weighs more than 16,000 pounds. Inside, there's even a staircase leading to an observation deck — although they closed it to the public more than 100 years ago. It's all in honour of \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prince_Frederick,_Duke_of_York_and_Albany\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ethe Duke of York\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E — the very same guy who Toronto was originally named after, and whose name is still plastered all over our city: from York to North York to East York to Fort York to York Street to York University to York Mills to the York Club to Royal York Road.\u003C\/p\u003ESo. Who the hell was he?\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EHis real name was Frederick. Prince Frederick. He was born just around the corner from where his column stands today, at St. James's Palace. (I stumbled across it last night, too.) His dad was King George III, who you probably know because he was the king who went \"mad\" and had a movie made about him. He was in charge back in the late 1700s and early 1800s: reigning over the battle at the Plains of Abraham, the American Revolution, the wars with Napoleon, and the War of 1812.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003ESo, it's probably not surprising that the young Duke of York grew up in the army. And by the time he was 26, he was already a General, fighting on the edge of France against Robespierre's revolutionaries. They'd beheaded their own king a few months earlier and were at war with pretty much all the other monarchies in Europe — England included. Now those monarchies were invading France in an attempt to end the French Revolution once and for all. In early 1793, the invasion was going pretty well. And that's when the Duke of York led his troops in a victory over the French in the Battle of Famars. Before long, some people in France were hailing him as a liberator, declaring him to be their true King.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThis, of course, was in days before Twitter and CNN — or even steamships and telegraphs. So word of the Duke's victory took a lonnnnnng time to cross the Atlantic and head up the St. Lawrence to reach the brand new frontier province of Upper Canada. It took three whole months. But by the end of August an official British government report was finally delivered to John Graves Simcoe, the Lieutenant Governor. At that point, he was living with his family in an elaborate tent pitched on the the northern shore of Lake Ontario. This was the place where, just a few weeks earlier, he had started to build a new capital for his new province. And he was still looking for a name.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThis place did already have a name: Toronto. It was derived from a Mohawk word, which meant \"where there are trees standing in the water.\" It \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nrcan.gc.ca\/earth-sciences\/geography\/place-names\/education-resources\/9226\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Eoriginally referred\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E to a fishing spot on the northern end of Lake Simcoe, but it was eventually used as a name for the portage route between Lake Simcoe and Lake Ontario, and then, finally, to the spot on Lake Ontario where the portage route started. That's where Simcoe was building his town.\u0026nbsp; \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EBut Simcoe didn't like the word Toronto. He thought First Nations words were weird and ugly and \"uncivilized\". Everywhere he went, he was renaming things in honour of the British Empire instead. And he was pretty flipping excited about the Duke of York's latest victory.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ESo Simcoe announced that he was naming his new town in honour of the Prince. It would now be known as York. To commemorate the occasion, he ordered a Royal salute: all the canons on the shore, all the guns on all the ships in the harbour, all the muskets of Simcoe's soldiers were fired in honour of a man waging a war against French democrats more than 6,000 kilometers away.\u0026nbsp; \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThat honour might have been a little premature. The invasion of France sputtered, fell apart, and suddenly the French were sweeping across Europe taking over countries. The Duke of York's next campaign — as the head of the entire British army now — didn't go very well, either. In fact, it seems that even children started mocking him with his very own nursery rhyme: \"\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Grand_Old_Duke_of_York\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EThe Grand Old Duke of York\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\". Before long, the French had a new general — Napoleon — and it looked like even England might be in danger of invasion.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EAnd that was only the beginning of the troubles for the Duke. In the early 1800s, right in the middle of leading the war against Napoleon, he was caught up in a big political sex scandal.\u003Cspan class=\"storyTop \"\u003E The Duke's\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mary_Anne_Clarke\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Eformer mistress\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E claimed that while they'd been together, she was taking bribes in return for convincing him to give people commissions in the army. It was a particularly cutting attack, because his lasting legacy was making reforms to get rid of that kind of thing. His defence wasn't exactly reassuring: he said he was innocent of corruption because he didn't understand what was happening. More than 200 years later, \u003Ci\u003EThe Independent \u003C\/i\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/grand-old-duke-the-greatest-scandal-never-told-1220042.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Estill calls it\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E \"\u003Cspan class=\"storyTop \"\u003Ethe greatest scandal in the history of the British Parliament.\"\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe House of Commons eventually voted to acquit him, but enough people were questioning his leadership that he was forced to resign in disgrace anyway. A few years later, he was completely cleared of the charges: the mistress published a book revealing that the whole thing had been a conspiracy to discredit the Duke. She said she'd been paid thousands of pounds to make false claims against him. She fled to France and the Duke of York was reinstated as the head of the army. So he was the guy in charge of all the British forces during the years of the War of 1812 and when the Duke of Wellington finally beat Napoleon for good at the Battle of Waterloo.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EWhen the Duke of York died, every single soldier in the British army gave up one day of wages to raise enough money to build a column in his honour. And that's the one that stands in the heart of London to this day.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EBy then, though, the bloom was most certainly off the rose. And a few years after the death of the Duke, our little town of York in Upper Canada was going to officially become a city. We chose, as our first Mayor, a man who was no great fan of the way the British were treating Canada; William Lyon Mackenzie took much more inspiration from revolutionaries than from monarchists. City Council debated whether to keep the name Simcoe gave us, or to embrace the name this place had when he first arrived. Some argued in favour of keeping \"York\", but in the end the majority agreed:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EToronto was more beautiful, more distinctive, more Canadian.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E-----\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003ERead more posts about The Toronto Dreams Project's UK Tour and the connections between the history of Toronto and the United Kingdom \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontodreamsproject.blogspot.co.uk\/search\/label\/uk%20tour\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E. \u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Ci\u003EA version of this post was originally published on \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontodreamsproject.blogspot.ca\/2014\/07\/the-guy-toronto-was-originally-named.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EThe Toronto Dreams Project Historical Ephemera Blog\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E. You can find more links and other information there.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ci\u003EPosted by Adam Bunch\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E, \u003C\/span\u003Ethe Editor-in-Chief of the Little Red Umbrella and the creator of the \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontodreamsproject.blogspot.com\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EToronto Dreams Project\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E. You can read his  posts \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/search\/label\/adam%20bunch\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, follow him on Twitter \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/#%21\/adamtbunch\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, or email him at \u003Ca href=\"mailto:adam@littleredumbrella.com\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Eadam@littleredumbrella.com\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/feeds\/1246601552815757976\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/2014\/08\/the-guy-toronto-was-originally-named.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1016075013121516936\/posts\/default\/1246601552815757976"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1016075013121516936\/posts\/default\/1246601552815757976"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/2014\/08\/the-guy-toronto-was-originally-named.html","title":"\u003Cb\u003EThe Guy Toronto Was Originally Named After (And His Super-Big Sex Scandal)\u003C\/b\u003E"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Adam Bunch"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/14112071438967577096"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-4NwYbmUd2eA\/UP8-w9wxGHI\/AAAAAAAAFvQ\/qvH9eLVmLh8\/s220\/CarmNXNEProfile.jpg"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-xgPoOrtAIhY\/U7dUKyAXmVI\/AAAAAAAAJ78\/aiqgs0-y6Mg\/s72-c\/IMG_0566.JPG","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1016075013121516936.post-7037733728602272582"},"published":{"$t":"2014-07-21T19:44:00.000-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-07-21T19:44:25.340-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"adam bunch"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"history"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"history and science"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"toronto dreams project"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Toronto history"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"vikings"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Toronto's Secret Viking Heritage"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-lX6zKcxWITc\/U7ijr6-pWSI\/AAAAAAAAJ8M\/SxVHFZgohkc\/s1600\/IMG_0751.JPG\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: .1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-lX6zKcxWITc\/U7ijr6-pWSI\/AAAAAAAAJ8M\/SxVHFZgohkc\/s1600\/IMG_0751.JPG\" height=\"200\" width=\"200\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe  Vikings probably aren't the first people who leap to mind  when you think of Toronto's heritage. After all, we're a city founded by  the British in territory previously claimed by the French on the  ancestral lands of the First Nations. And while many people from  Scandinavia have called Toronto home, immigration from the northern  reaches of Europe has generally been dwarfed by immigration from other  parts of the world.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EToday,  for instance, in a metropolitan census area of 5.5 million people, only  70 of them say that Norwegian is the language they speak most often at  home. That's \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www12.statcan.gc.ca\/census-recensement\/2011\/dp-pd\/prof\/details\/page.cfm?Lang=E\u0026amp;Geo1=CMA\u0026amp;Code1=535\u0026amp;Geo2=PR\u0026amp;Code2=35\u0026amp;Data=Count\u0026amp;SearchText=Toronto\u0026amp;SearchType=Begins\u0026amp;SearchPR=35\u0026amp;B1=Language\u0026amp;Custom=\u0026amp;TABID=1\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ecompared to\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E more than 300,000 who use Chinese languages. In fact, no Scandinavian  language comes anywhere close to breaking into the top 50. More  Torontonians speak \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tigrinya_language\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003ETigrigna\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E or \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marathi_language\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EMarathi\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E or \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilocano_people\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EIlocano\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E.                 \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EBut  if you know where to look, the linguistic traces of a distant Viking  past are all around you. You can find them in the names of our streets,  our neighbourhoods, our libraries, our schools... In words we use every  day. And for the most part, that's thanks to events that happened more  than a thousand years ago many thousands of kilometers away. When the  Vikings invaded the British Isles.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EIt  all started in the late 700s with bloody raids along the coast.  Unprotected British monasteries were a tempting target. And all the  Vikings had to do was to sail across the North Sea — only about the same  distance as between Toronto and Montreal. By the end of the 800s,  they'd launched a full-scale invasion and conquered a huge chunk of the  island. Their new territory stretched all the way across the north-east  of what's now England. Historians call it the Danelaw. The Norse ruled  the land for about 200 years. And that meant waves of new Viking  immigration. \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003EWhile  they were there, of course, they named things. Lots of things. Cities  and towns and rivers and fields and farms.... Even a thousand years  later, when you look at a map of England, you can see their linguistic  legacy. \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.mysociety.org\/2014\/04\/15\/mapping-the-vikings-influence-on-uk-place-names\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EIt's all over the former Danelaw\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E. In the north and the east of England, the names of places are still full of Old Norse.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EAnd  when the British came to Canada, they brought some of those names with  them. The British renamed places they found in Toronto — just like the  Vikings had done in Britain. So today's modern city — more than 2,000  kilometers away from the closest evidence of Viking settlement — is  still full of traces of the days when the Vikings ruled much of England.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ESo  take, for instance, Burnhamthorpe Road, which runs through parts of  Etobicoke and Mississauga. It got its name from the settler John Ableton  all the way back in the 1860s. He suggested it because Burnham Thorpe  was the name of his hometown back in England. It had been part of the  Danelaw. And the name originally came from those ancient Viking days —  it's one of dozens upon dozens of places in the former Danelaw that  still end in -thorpe, which was the Old Norse word for \"village\" or  \"farmstead\".\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe same goes for places that end in -holme. Like Glenholme Avenue near St. Clair West \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"\u003E(which,  while we're at it, isn't far from tiny Grimthorpe Road — the Viking  name \"Grim\" with the Viking suffix \"thorpe\".). \"Holme\" was an Old Norse  word for \"island\". So it's not a coincidence that there are places in  Sweden with names like Stockholm, Hässleholm and Ängelholm — or Horsholm  in Denmark.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIn some cases, the \"holme\" suffix  has evolved over the centuries, turning into the ending \"ham\". That's  what happened to one ancient town near Manchester: Aldehulme eventually  became Oldham. And Oldham, in turn, eventually turned up as the name of a  road in Etobicoke.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-K9jsNBB7Jvg\/U7ivV27V65I\/AAAAAAAAJ8c\/sOOslKmRMOw\/s1600\/IMG_0757.JPG\" style=\"clear: right; margin-bottom: .1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-K9jsNBB7Jvg\/U7ivV27V65I\/AAAAAAAAJ8c\/sOOslKmRMOw\/s1600\/IMG_0757.JPG\" height=\"275\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EAnglo-Saxon helmet at the British Museum\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003EIt's a bit confusing, though, because sometimes \"ham\"  doesn't come from Old Norse at all — sometimes it comes from the Old  English word for \"homestead\". And a lot of the examples are more  complicated like that. The Old English of the Anglo-Saxons (who ruled  much of England at the same time the Vikings did) shared the same  linguistic roots with Old Norse — some of the words are so similar that  it's not entirely clear which one is responsible for the modern version.  In some cases, it's probably both. For instance, they both used a word  like \"dale\" to refer to valleys. And a thousand years later, we do too.  Neighbourhoods like Riverdale, Rosedale, Willowdale and Bendale all echo  the Vikings \u003Ci\u003Eand \u003C\/i\u003Ethe Anglo-Saxons.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ESometimes,  their words got mashed together, too. So, for instance, to name one city  in the Danelaw, they took the Old English word for hill — \"dun\" — and  then added the Old Norse ending \"holme\". Over the years, \"Dun Holme\"  gradually morphed into \"Durham\". Today, that's what the city and the  county are both called.\u0026nbsp;And when Upper Canada's first Lieutenant  Governor,\u0026nbsp;John Graves Simcoe, was looking for names for the new counties  he was creating in Canada, he chose to name them after counties back  home in England. Including Durham. So a thousand years after the Vikings  first named their city \"Dun Holme\", we still call the land to the east  of Toronto \"Durham Region\".\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EDurham Region, in turn, is  home to Whitby — which has another Old Norse suffix: \"by\", which was the  Viking word for \"settlement\".\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EAnd some examples are even more clear-cut.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ESometime  back around the year 1000, the Vikings are thought to have established a  new trading post on the coast of Wales. They named it after their King —  Sweyn Forkbeard — who may even have founded the city himself. They  added on an Old Norse suffix — \"ey\" for \"island\" or \"inlet\" — so the  name of the city was essentially the Viking word for \"Sven's Island\".  Over the next few centuries, it became \"Sweynesse\", \"Sweyneshe\",  \"Sweyse\" and, eventually, \"Swansea\". And more than 800 years after the  death of King Forkbeard, a man from Swansea moved to Toronto. He  purchased the local bolt works company and renamed the business after  his hometown. Eventually, the name was used to describe the whole area.  Today, we still call the neighbourhood to the west of High Park \"\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swansea,_Toronto\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003ESwansea\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\" in honour of a Viking King most of us have never even heard of. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EBut the most striking example might be this one:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EAccording to one of the ancient Icelandic Sagas, there was once a Viking raider and poet by the name of \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thorgils_Skarthi\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EThorgils Skarthi The Hare-Lipped\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E.  Around the year 966, he decided to move across the North Sea for good  and establish a new settlement on a harbour near the towering limestone  cliffs of the north-east coast of England. He named the new town after  himself, calling it Skarthi's stronghold: Skarðaborg. He was eventually  driven out by the Anglo-Saxons and the new town was burned down. But  when it was rebuilt years later, the name stuck.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ECenturies  after that, when Governor Simcoe came to Toronto to build his own  stronghold on the harbour he found here, his wife came with him.  Elizabeth Simcoe was struck by the beauty of this place — including the  towering white bluffs to the east of the new town. They reminded her of  the same limestone cliffs where Thorgils Skarthi The Hare-Lipped had  once built his stronghold. So she christened the bluffs here with the  modern version of the same word he used in England. That was the same  word we still use to describe the vast expanse of land above those  bluffs — the whole eastern half of our city.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EScarborough. Skarðaborg. Skarthi's Viking stronghold.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E-----\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003EA version of this post originally appeared on \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontodreamsproject.blogspot.ca\/2014\/07\/torontos-secret-viking-heritage.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EThe Toronto Dreams Project Historical Ephemera Blog\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ci\u003EPosted by Adam Bunch\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E, \u003C\/span\u003Ethe Editor-in-Chief of the Little Red Umbrella and the creator of the \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/torontodreamsproject.blogspot.com\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003EToronto Dreams Project\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E. You can read his  posts \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/search\/label\/adam%20bunch\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, follow him on Twitter \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/#%21\/adamtbunch\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Ehere\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, or email him at \u003Ca href=\"mailto:adam@littleredumbrella.com\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003Eadam@littleredumbrella.com\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/feeds\/7037733728602272582\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/2014\/07\/torontos-secret-viking-heritage.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1016075013121516936\/posts\/default\/7037733728602272582"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1016075013121516936\/posts\/default\/7037733728602272582"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.littleredumbrella.com\/2014\/07\/torontos-secret-viking-heritage.html","title":"\u003Cb\u003EToronto's Secret Viking Heritage\u003C\/b\u003E"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Adam Bunch"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/14112071438967577096"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-4NwYbmUd2eA\/UP8-w9wxGHI\/AAAAAAAAFvQ\/qvH9eLVmLh8\/s220\/CarmNXNEProfile.jpg"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-lX6zKcxWITc\/U7ijr6-pWSI\/AAAAAAAAJ8M\/SxVHFZgohkc\/s72-c\/IMG_0751.JPG","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}}]}});